Ivanino blago

Nedonošče

// November 17th, 2005 // No Comments » // Medical, Opšte

Preuzeto sa http://www.yumama.com/

Kako izgleda nedonešeno dete?

Prema definiciji Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, dete koje je rođeno pre punih 37 nedelja trudnoće smatra se nedonoščetom

Težina nedonešenog deteta je najčešće manja od 2.5 kilograma, što se do pre desetak godina smatralo osnovnim kriterijumom nedonešenosti. Međutim, gestaciona ili intrauterina starost (dok je beba u stomaku), i težina deteta zajedno, bolji su pokazatelji da li je ono nedonešeno tj. nezrelo.

Naime, donešenost je pojam vremena (trajanja trudnoće), a prematuritet (nezrelost) označava stepen zrelosti fizioloskih funkcija novorođenčeta.

Razlike u stepenu zrelosti se objašnjavaju time što neke bebe još u majcinom stomaku rastu brže, a druge sporije, pa im je zbog toga potrebno manje, ili više vremena do stadijuma zrelosti.

Danas se smatra da najmanja deca koja mogu da ostanu u životu, u uslovima posebne zaštite, teže 500-600 grama.

Uzroci nedeonešenosti su još uvek nedovoljno poznati, ali se obično iz praktičnih razloga dele na one za koje je odgovorna majka, plod ili, eventualno, drugi faktori.

Koje su karakteristike nedonešenog deteta?

To je, pre svega, opšta nezrelost za život vaznih organa i sistema. U početku dete nema sopstvenu termoregulaciju, pa bez podešavanja temparature spoljašnje sredine nedonoščad ne može samostalno da reguliše temperaturu svog tela. Pluća su često nedovoljno razvijena, pa je disanje otežano i poremećeno. Zbog nedostatka refleksa za sisanje, otežano je gutanje, pa time i ishrana.

Njegove motorne reakcije su potpuno refleksne. U toku prvog i drugog meseca, a nekada i duže, lice je bez mimike. Dešava se, međutim, da već u trećoj nedelji počnje da prati okolinu pogledom. Smešak, gukanje, izgovaranje prvih slova i reči, mogu da se očekuju nešto kasnije nego kod ostalih beba.

U prvim godinama života nedonošče po pravilu zaostaje za svojim vršnjacima, i fizički i mentalno. Ta razlika je, međutim, u najvećem broju slučajeva privremena i uglavnom ograničena na prve dve godine zivota. Kasnije, dete koje je rođeno pre vremena i sa malom porođajnom težinom ima sve sanse da dostigne, a nekada i prestigne svoje vršnjake.

Prim. dr sci. med Aleksandar Marjanović

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spoljasnji znaci nezrelosti novorodjenceta (2), spoljasni znaci nezrelosti dijete (2), nedonešeno dijete (2), gestaciona starost intrauterino (1), zivot nedonosca (1), težine nedonešene beba (1), razlika nedonosca i ostalih beba (1), njega nedonešenog djeteta (1), nedostatak refleksa za sisanje kod beba (1), nedonošče karakteristike (1)

Prevremeni porođaj

// November 16th, 2005 // No Comments » // Medical, Opšte

Preuzeto sa http://www.zdravljezene.co.yu/

Prevremeni porođaj je onaj koji započne pre navršene 37. nedelje trudnoće.
Predstavlja jedan od vodećih problema u savremenom porodiljstvu, jer se broj prevremenih porođaja u svetu i pored primene najsavremenijih lekova i sredstava u proteklih 40 godina nije menjao. Od deset porođaja jedan je prevremen i smatra se glavnim uzrokom preko 75% smrti beba u ranom novorođenačkom periodu.

Uzrok prevremenog porođaja

U većini slučajeva tačan razlog prevremenog porođaja nije poznat, i gotovo se uvek može pripisati delovanju više faktora.
Nizak socioeonomski status majke, mali prirast težine majke u trudnoći, godine manje od 18 i veće od 40, pušenje, konzumiranje alkohola i droge, samo su neki od faktora koji doprinose da se trudnoća završi pre 37. nedelje.
Ukoliko majka daje podatak o prethodnim prevremenim porođajima i kasnim prekidima trudnoće, rizik od ponavljanja prevremenog rađanja i u ovoj trudnoći višestruko je veći.
Nepravilnosti u građi materice (jednoroga, dvoroga, pregrađena materica), kao i postojanje mioma (dobroćudnih tumora materice), može se smatrati jednim od uzroka. Neadekvatna funkcija grlića materice, uz njeno širenje i skraćenje, takođe može predstavljati problem.
Višestruke trudnoće (blizanci, trojke), uz nagomilavanje plodove vode i rastezanje zida materice, jedan su od rizika za rađanje bebe pre 37.nedelje trudnoće.
Povrede majke, naročito regije trbuha, jedan su od uzroka prevremeneog porođaja.
Infekcije genitalnih organa su važan faktor koji se dovodi u vezu sa prevremenim porođajem. Žene sa prisutnim mikroorganizmima: Neisseriom gonorrhoeae, Treponemom pallidum, Chlamydiom trachomatis, Gardnerelom vaginalis i grupom B streptokoka, imaju povećan rizik prevremenog rađanja.

Dijagnoza

Što ranije uočimo simptome prevremenog porođaja, to ćemo imati veće šanse da sprečimo rađanje deteta nespremnog za život van organizma majke.
Znaci koji nas na to upozoravaju su: uočene kontrakcije (grćenja mišića materice) 4 u toku sat vremena, osećaj pritiska u donjem delu trbuha i nelagodnost, te postojanje obilnijeg iscedka iz vagine.
Smatra se da je prevremeni porođaj započeo ukoliko možemo da dokažemo bar 4 kontrakcije (grčenja mišića materice) za 20 minuta, ili 8 za 60 minuta, koje su praćene sa prevremenim prskanjem vodenjaka, skraćenjem grlića materice za polovinu, ili njegovim širenjem.

Tretman prevremenog porođaja

Kada smo posumnjali da se radi o simptomima koji predstavljaju uvod u prevremeni porođaj potrebno je preduzeti niz radnji i postupaka.
Šta trudnicu u tom slučaju očekuje? Pored uzimanja detaljnih podataka o postojećim tegobama, činjenicama o poslednjoj menstruaciji, terminu porođaja, dosadašnjim bolestima i alergijama, uzimaju se laboratorijski nalazi mokraće i krvi.
Nastavlja se sa vaginalnim pregledom, u toku koga se uzima materijal za bakteriološku analizu sekreta. U slučaju prevremenog prskanja vodenjaka izbegava se manuelni pregled. Načini se i ultrazvučni pregled koji će pružiti informacije o starosti trudnoće, zdravlju bebe, lokalizaciji posteljice, količini plodove vode i dužini grlića.
Nakon uvida u celokupno stanje donosi se odluka o daljem načinu lečenja. Standardna procedura podrazumeva intravensko davanje jednog od lekova za sprečavanje grćenja mišića materice (tokolitici). Najpoznatiji lekovi te grupe su Gynipral, Partusisten, Ritodrin. Ovakvom terapijom u najvećem broju slučajeva uspećemo da produžimo trudnoću za 24-48 sati, za koje vreme će delovati lek iz grupe kortikosteroida. Njegov zadatak je da ubrza sazrevanje pluća deteta, kako bi i pored nezrelosti ono odmah moglo da prodiše.
Davanje antibiotika je takođe deo standardne procedure ukoliko se izoluje jedan od mikroorganizama koji je u neposrednoj uzročnoj vezi sa prevremenim porođajem.
Mora se svakako uzeti u obzir i postojanje bolesti, kao što su dijabetes, hipertireoza majke, teška srčana oboljenja, gde davanje tokolitika nije dozvoljeno i čini više štete nego koristi.

Kada se sve uzme u obzir, činjenica da u lečenju i sprečavanju prevremenih porođaja nema mnogo napredka, može da zabrine. I pored znatnog razmimoilaženja u stavovima lekara, kako, čime i kad lečiti prevremeni porođaj, oko jednog se svi slažu. Treba odgoditi porođaj za ono vreme koje je potrebno da lekovi iz grupe kortikosteroida doprinesu ubrzanju sazrevanja pluća deteta. Jedino to provereno doprinosi većem preživljavanju i smanjenju posledica kod beba koje su rođene pre vremena.

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Kako da drugi pomognu nama

// November 15th, 2005 // No Comments » // Opšte, Razmišljanja

Ten Commandments for Helping Parents of Children with Special Needs
By Michele Stiefel

1. Do not avoid talking about our child with us. Do ask how he is doing. We may not answer much in the beginning — or we may spill our guts! Either way, we remember those who asked and can’t seem to forget those who didn’t.
2. Touch us; touch our child. A hug, a hand on an arm, a look into our eyes lets us know that you care. A gentle caress on a child’s cheek or holding a hand makes us feel “normal.” We feel very alone and different in the beginning.
3. Don’t tell us how we should or shouldn’t feel! We feel what we feel and that’s that! In the early days and months, we are struggling with raw emotion that is usually right near the surface.
4. Don’t say, “God only gives us as much as we can handle!” We are just trying to survive from one day to the next, especially in the beginning. What an additional load to put on someone who often doesn’t feel like he or she is handling anything well at all!
5. Don’t’ say, “I admire you” or “You are so noble.” Unless the parents willingly went out to adopt a child with special needs, we didn’t want it to happen! We don’t feel noble. At times we even feel trapped!
6. Do offer to help. Come and sit with the child so we can take a much needed break. Cook a meal or two and deliver them. Offer to take the siblings out for ice cream or pizza. Tell us that you are just a phone call away if we need anything — and then call us back to see how things are going.
7. Be patient with us. It is very hard to work through our grief. In the beginning, all we can see are the things that our child can’t or will not be able to do. If we have always been independent or overachievers ourselves, it may be hard for us to accept your help right away. Please persevere; eventually we will be ready to accept your help.
8. Be sure to acknowledge the sibling of the special needs child. In the aftermath of a diagnosis, etc., the sibling can get lost in the turmoil. If you go to visit, take something special for the brother or sister, too. Be sure to say hello to them. Talk with them before you make a fuss over the baby.
9. Please don’t stare. If our child doesn’t look “normal” or acts differently, we are very aware of it. In fact, that’s all we can see at first. Find something positive to say — something as simple as “What beautiful eyes!” can be music to our ears.
10. Remember, no matter what kind of disability our child has, he is still a child. He has a need to be loved and accepted. He has a need to be happy and to belong. He needs hugs and laughter, music and friends. He needs you — and so do we!

Kako da pomognemo sami sebi

// November 15th, 2005 // No Comments » // Opšte, Razmišljanja

The Ten Commandments for Parents of Children with Special Needs
Author Unknown (but deeply appreciated)

1. Take one day at a time, and take that day positively. You don’t have control over the future, but you do have control over today.
2. Never underestimate your child’s potential. Allow him/her, encourage him/her, expect him/her to develop to the best of his/her abilities.
3. Find and allow positive mentors: parents and professionals who can share with you their experience, advice, and support.
4. Provide and be involved with the most appropriate educational and learning environments for your child from infancy on.
5. Keep in mind the feelings and needs of your spouse and your other children. Remind them that this child does not get more of your love just because s/he gets more of your time.
6. Answer only to your conscience; then you’ll be able to answer to your child. You need not justify your actions to your friends or the public.
7. Be honest with your feelings. You can’t be a super-parent 24 hours a day. Allow yourself jealousy, anger, pity, frustration, and depression in small amounts whenever necessary.
8. Be kind to yourself. Don’t focus continually on what needs to be done. Remember to look at what you have accomplished.
9. Do stop and smell the roses. Take advantage of the fact that you have gained a special appreciation for the little miracles in life that others take for granted.
10. Keep and use a sense of humor. Cracking up with laughter can keep you from cracking up from stress.

Priča koja me je naterala da se zamislim

// November 4th, 2005 // 1 Comment » // Opšte, Razmišljanja

Ovaj mail sa dobila 2000. godine, dakle dosta pre nego što se Vanja rodila. Plakala sam kad sam ga pročitala, sećam se odlično.
Malopre, istu priču sam dobila od druge osobe. I opet sam plakala.

Special Olympics
… And they call some of these people “retarded”…A few years ago, at the Seattle Special Olympics, nine contestants, all physically or mentally disabled, assembled at the starting line for the 100-yard dash. At the gun, they all started out, not exactly in a dash, but with a relish to run the race to the finish and win. All, that is, except one little boy who stumbled on the asphalt, tumbled over a couple of times, and began to cry.

The other eight heard the boy cry. They slowed down and looked back. Then they all turned around and went back. Every one of them. One girl with Down’s Syndrome bent down and kissed him and said, “This will make it better.”

Then all nine linked arms and walked together to the finish line. Everyone in the stadium stood, and the cheering went on for several minutes. People who were there are still telling the story. Why?

Because deep down we know this one thing: What matters in this life is more than winning for ourselves. What matters in this life is helping others win, even if it means slowing down and changing our course.

Pass it on… we need to change our hearts.

Prije nekoliko godina, na para olimpijskim igrama u Seattlu, bilo je 9 atletičara, svi sa mentalnim i fizičkim oštećenjima, spremnih na startnoj liniji od 100 metara. Na pucanj pištolja započelo je takmičenje, ne sprintom, ali kod svih sa željom da stignu do cilja i pobjede. Dok su trčali, jedan je dečkić posrnuo, pao, nekoliko se puta prevrnuo i započeo plakati. Ostalih osam trkača čulo je dječakov plač. Usporili su i okrenuli se. Zaustavili su se i vratili nazad. SVI. Jedna djevojčica sa Downovim sindromom, sjela je pored njega i počela ga ljubiti govoreći: Da li ti je sada bolje? Nakon toga su ga podigli i sva devetorica su zagrljeni odšetali do cilja. Svi su na stadionu ustali sa svojih mjesta i nekoliko minuta od srca pljeskali takmičarima. Ljudi, koji su bili prisutni, jos uvijek pricaju o tome.

Zasto? Jer u nama samima znamo da najvažnija stvar u životu, za nas same, ide dalje od pobjede. U ovom zivotu je veoma važno pomagati drugima, da pobjede, iako to znači usporiti ili promijeniti našu vlastitu trku.

Tekst je bio bez č i ć, i dok to ispravljam, plačem i ne vidim ekran od suza.

Knjiga

// October 29th, 2005 // No Comments » // Omega 3, Opšte, Razmišljanja

The Remarkable Nutritional Treatment for
ADHD, Dyslexia &Dyspraxia
The LCP Solution
B. Jacqueline Strody, Ph.D. and Malcolm J. Nicholl
* LCP – Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids – Polinezasićene masne kiseline dugačkih lanaca

Pre nekog vremena sam naručila ovu knjigu, i sad je stigla. Hvala Mixy011.
Mislim da je veoma dobra, ima dosta stvari da se iz nje nauči.
Biće uskoro nekih delova ovde.

Pokušaj kategorizacije

// June 30th, 2005 // 3 Comments » // Opšte

E sad, kako bismo Vanju upisali, treba da napravimo kategorizaciju. Niko zapravo ne zna da mi kaže tačnu proceduru. Nekakav formular treba da popuni njen pedijatar. Na sajtu Grada Beograda piše da se formular dobija u opštinskom bla-bla za društvene delatnosti. Dobro, odem ja do naše opštine, i tu me dočeka iznenađenje.

Ja prvo, naravno, na šalter informacija, kažem „Dobar dan, treba mi formular za bla-bla…“, čovek na šalteru me belo gleda, kaže nisam sigurna, idite do „one plave gospođe“.

Dobrooo, ajd’ sad opet. Pitam ja „plavu gospođu“ (koja prodaje raznorazne formulare) isto. A ona meni, takođe ISTO. Blagoteleći pogled, kaže „nisam nikad čula…“ dramska pauza, ja već razmišljam šta ću „ne znam, idite u pravnu pomoć, soba 15“. Uh, blago olakšanje, oni će sigurno znati.

Ja do sobe 15, tamo nema nikog. Čekam. Posle jedno pola sata, pojavljuje se jedna gospođa. Uđemo unutra. Namoje isto pitanje, ona mi kaže „mi smo to ranije radili, a sad više ne radimo, sad ću ja da pitam“. Okreće telefon, i prvo se fino ispriča sa sagovornikom. Konačno dođe na temu. Kažu joj da zove tog i tog Okreće drugi telefon, nema nikog. Ništa ja čekam. Konačno pronalazi koga treba, i potvrđuje mi informaciju da oni to više ne rade, ali NE ZNA ko radi. Kaže mi da PROBAM u gradskom bla-bla za brigu o deci u Tiršovoj, možda oni imaju taj formular.

Eto, sutra idem do Tiršove, pa ćemo videti…

Srećno venčanje

// June 27th, 2005 // No Comments » // Dogodovštine, Opšte

Danas se u Parizu venčavaju
Miljan i Tara.

Želimo im puuuuuuuuuuno sreće, gde god da se odluče da će živeti, i nadamo se da ćemo ih viđati često.
Pozdravi i poljupci
od Vanje, mame Ivane, tate Miše, i bake Dike

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Celebrating Holland

// June 21st, 2005 // 2 Comments » // Opšte, Razmišljanja

Celebrating Holland – I’m Home by Cathy Anthony

Evo i nastavka…

(follow-up to the original Welcome to Holland by Emily Perl Kingsley)

I have been in Holland for over a decade now. It has become home. I have had time to catch my breath, to settle and adjust, to accept something different than I’d planned. I reflect back on those years of past when I had first landed in Holland. I remember clearly my shock, my fear, my anger, the pain and uncertainty. In those first few years, I tried to get back to Italy as planned, but Holland was where I was to stay. Today, I can say how far I have come on this unexpected journey. I have learned so much more. But, this too has been a journey of time.

I worked hard. I bought new guidebooks. I learned a new language and I slowly found my way around this new land. I have met others whose plans had changed like mine, and who could share my experience. We supported one another and some have become very special friends.

Some of these fellow travelers had been in Holland longer than I and were seasoned guides, assisting me along the way. Many have encouraged me. Many have taught me to open my eyes to the wonder and gifts to behold in this new land. I have discovered a community of caring. Holland wasn’t so bad.

I think that Holland is used to wayward travelers like me and grew to become a land of hospitality, reaching out to welcome, to assist and to support newcomers like me in this new land. Over the years, I’ve wondered what life would have been like if I’d landed in Italy as planned. Would life have been easier? Would it have been as rewarding? Would I have learned some of the important lessons I hold today?

Sure, this journey has been more challenging and at times I would (and still do) stomp my feet and cry out in frustration and protest. And, yes, Holland is slower paced than Italy and less flashy than Italy, but this too has been an unexpected gift. I have learned to slow down in ways too and look closer at things, with a new appreciation for the remarkable beauty of Holland with its tulips, windmills and Rembrandts.

I have come to love Holland and call it Home.

I have become a world traveler and discovered that it doesn’t matter where you land. What’s more important is what you make of your journey and how you see and enjoy the very special, the very lovely, things that Holland, or any land, has to offer.

Yes, over a decade ago I landed in a place I hadn’t planned. Yet I am thankful, for this destination has been richer than I could have imagined!

© by Cathy Anthony. All rights reserved.

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Welcome To Holland

// June 20th, 2005 // 1 Comment » // Opšte, Razmišljanja

Welcome To Holland by Emily Perl Kingsley
Pre dosta vremena sam na net-u slučajno naišla na ovaj tekst.
Kad sam ga prvi put pročitala, plakala sam…
I svaki sledeći put suze bi same krenule…

Da se ne izgubi, evo ga…

I am often asked to describe the experience of raising a child with a disability – to try to help people who have not shared that unique experience to understand it, to imagine how it would feel. It’s like this……

When you’re going to have a baby, it’s like planning a fabulous vacation trip – to Italy. You buy a bunch of guide books and make your wonderful plans. The Coloseum. The Michelangelo’s David. The gondolas in Venice. You may learn some handy phrases in Italian. It’s all very exciting.

After months of eager anticipation, the day finally arrives. You pack your bags and off you go. Several hours later, the plane lands. The stewardess comes in and says, “Welcome to Holland.”

“Holland?!?” you say. “What do you mean Holland?? I signed up for Italy! I’m supposed to be in Italy. All my life I’ve dreamed of going to Italy.”

But there’s been a change in the flight plan. They’ve landed in Holland and there you must stay.

The important thing is that they haven’t taken you to a horrible, disgusting, filthy place, full of pestilence, famine and disease. It’s just a different place.

So you must go out and buy new guide books. And you must learn a whole new language. And you will meet a whole new group of people you would never have met.

It’s just a different place. It’s slower-paced than Italy, less flashy than Italy. But after you’ve been there for a while and you catch your breath, you look around…. and you begin to notice that Holland has windmills….and Holland has tulips. Holland even has Rembrandts.

But everyone you know is busy coming and going from Italy… and they’re all bragging about what a wonderful time they had there. And for the rest of your life, you will say “Yes, that’s where I was supposed to go. That’s what I had planned.”

And the pain of that will never, ever, ever, ever go away… because the loss of that dream is a very very significant loss.

But… if you spend your life mourning the fact that you didn’t get to Italy, you may never be free to enjoy the very special, the very lovely things … about Holland.

©1987 by Emily Perl Kingsley. All rights reserved.

Danas je Veliki Petak

// April 29th, 2005 // No Comments » // Dogodovštine, Opšte

Farbaćemo jaja.
Neće baš biti kao na ovoj slici…

Vanja još ne razume, ali i te kako voli da baca raznobojna jaja po podu. I silno se tada zabavlja. Ja naravno nisam baš oduševljena takvom zabavom, pa sam nabavila celo brdo čokoladnih šarenih jaja.

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Opet sneg

// February 27th, 2005 // No Comments » // Opšte

Opet pada sneg, i to baš ono dobro. Ne šali se. Još plus duva košava… da se smrzneš. A ja mislila da je zima gotova. Taman se otopio prethodni jednomesečni sneg, kad evo novog. Za naredne dane najavili opet oko -10.

Nekako ne mogu da se otrgnem utisku da kad god treba da idemo na neurološku kliniku, neko je nevreme.